L-1: WHEN, WHERE AND HOW - Class 8 CBSE - SST - History
Class 8 CBSE// SST // History
Revision through Objective type
questions
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Index of all the chapters posted |
https://pearlodeastudy.blogspot.com/2021/06/index-of-all-posts.html |
Lesson 1: When, Where and How
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1)
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History of India is
divided into three periods – the Ancient, The Medieval
and the Modern. Modern history is distinct from the Ancient and
Mediaeval History. |
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2)
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In India, 18th
Century is taken as the beginning of the Modern history. These changes are closely linked to the
Modern age in Europe. |
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3)
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Renaissance and Reformation
movements were started in Europe and shaped the world history. [Renaissance
= revival, renewal] |
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4)
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Industrial
Revolution, which
started in England, gave birth to new ideas, like colonialism and
imperialism. As a result of voyages, new sea routes were
discovered. [Industrial
revolution = process of change from agrarian (agricultural) and handicraft
economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing.] |
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5)
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America, Africa and Asia
were colonies of European countries. |
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6)
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French Revolution kindled
the idea of liberty, equality and fraternity. The people of France were
inspired by the writings of the great philosophers like Montesquieu,
Voltaire and Rousseau, and they overthrew
monarchy. [
kindled = inspired, fraternity = brotherhood, monarchy = kingship, rule of
royal family] |
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7)
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There are far detailed
sources of Modern history available to us compared to the Ancient or Medieval
Period, which are either lost or decayed.
The sources of Modern history are well preserved in the archives
and museums. |
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8)
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Brief of
Timelines (to
remember): 14 – 16 Century: ·
In
Europe: Renaissance,
Reformation (16th Century); ·
In
India: Vasco-da-Gama
discovered the Sea Route in 1498. [It
is generally believed that the renaissance to have begun in Itally during the
14th Century. Further, the renaissance spread to the rest of
Europe in the 16th & 17th centuries] 16 Century: ·
In
Europe: Modern Period
of History in Europe, started in 16th Century and witnessed some
of the important revolutions of the world. ·
In
India: 17 – 18 Century: ·
In
Europe: American War
of Independence (1775-1783); Discovery of new sea routes in 17th
century; French Revolution (1789-1792); Industrial Revolution in 18th
Century. ·
In
India: Disintegration
of Mughal Empire. [Disintegration
= process of losing strength, failure] |
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9)
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During 18th
Century, India was divided into small and big independent states.
Modernisation was delayed due to several political bondages. |
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10) |
James Mill, the Scottish economist and a political philosopher, in a History
of British India in 1857, classified the Indian History into three
different periods namely, the Hindu, the Muslim and the British. |
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11) |
Most of the historians
classified the Indian History as the Ancient, the Mediaeval
and the Modern. |
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12) |
Modern period is associated with the
characteristics – Industrialisation, Reformation, Exploration, Nationalism
and urbanisation, colonialism. Modern period of Indian
history extends over a period of about 250 years. During this
time, India was a colony of the British Empire. |
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13) |
[Coverage
of this chapter – Following changes took place in the world is covered in
this chapter] Major Events of the World
History which are covered in this chapter are: ·
Renaissance ·
Industrial
Revolution ·
Discovery
of New Sea Routes; and ·
Imperialism
and Colonialism |
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14) |
Renaissance is a French
word which means ‘Rebirth’. |
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15) |
Renaissance was a cultural
movement which saw the revival of classical learning, culture, art and
architecture between the 14th and 16th
Centuries. |
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16) |
Renaissance or revival of
culture and art began first in Italy and then spread to the
rest of the world. |
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17) |
16th Century
was a period of scientific approach. How? Ans: During 16th
Century, under the influence of Renaissance, people began to think by
themselves and boldly questioned all established principles and institutions.
Blind faith in religious beliefs was replaced by logic and reasons. Hence, it
was a period of scientific approach. |
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18) |
Industrial
Revolution
replaced the hand-made goods with the goods manufactured by machines. |
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19) |
The Industrial Revolution
began in England in the mid-18th
century and later spread to other European countries. |
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20) |
Industrial Revolution led
to the discovery of new sea routes and colonies. TRUE/FALSE Ans: True. [Due to the impact of
industrial revolution, the European powers started competing with each other
to capture new colonies to gain access to raw materials and acquire market
for their finished products. Thus, they started finding new routes and
colonies] |
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21) |
After the Industrial
Revolution, people made cloth and other products at home. T/F Ans: False. [After
the Industrial Revolution, people made cloth and other products in Industry
using machines] |
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22) |
Bartholomew Diaz, a Portuguese (European) explorer who
led to first European expedition to round the Southern Cape and named it Cape
of Good Hope. |
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23) |
Christopher Columbus began his expedition in 1492.
He sailed westwards a few weeks later and reached West Indies. After the death of Columbus that the
Europeans came to know of his discovery of a new land which was named America,
after the name of Amerigo Vespucci. [More
details: America is named after Amerigo Vespucci, the Italian explorer who
set forth the then revolutionary concept that the lands that Christopher
Columbus sailed to in 1492 were part of a separate continent.] |
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24) |
Vasco-da-Gama followed
almost the same route of Columbus and reached the western coast
of India in 1498 CE. |
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25) |
Ferdinand Magellan discovered the Strait of Magellan and
also named South America, Tierra del Fuego, the Pacific Ocean and the Spice
Islands (the East Indies in the present-day Maluka Island, in Indonasia. |
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26) |
Ferdinand Megellan is credited to be the first European
to circumnavigate the Earth (between 1519 and 1922), though he himself could
not complete the voyage as he was killed in Philippines. [ circumnavigate = sail or
travel all the way around (something, especially the world.] |
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27) |
Francis Drake, the first Englishman who
circumnavigated the world, and James Cook, the 18th
Century navigator and explore, successfully mapped the Pacific Ocean, New
Zealand and Australia. |
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28) |
The policy of forcefully
extending a nation’s dominance by territorial occupation and establishment of
economic and political influence over another nation is known as imperialism. [Define
imperialism] |
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29) |
The exploitation and
control over the resources of a nation on country by a powerful country to
strengthen its resources through its political, economic and social policies
is known as colonialism. [Define
Colonialism] |
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30) |
________________ was the
main factor for colonialism and imperialism. Ans: Want of a dominant
country for raw materials to their industries and also the markets for their
finished goods. |
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31) |
The French Revolution was
influenced by the ideas of Montesquieu, Voltaire
and Rousseau, who preached against social inequality. |
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32) |
The period of renaissance
led to the discoveries of new sea routes. TRUE/FALSE Ans: True |
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33) |
Nationalism was
responsible for colonialism. T/F Ans: False. [Read
the “imperialism” and “colonialism” mentioned above. Nationalism was not
responsible for colonialism] |
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34) |
Industrial
revolution was a setback for the hand woven cloth. T/F Ans:
True. |
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35) |
Modern period started in
India in the 16th Century. T/F Ans: False [Modern
period in India started during 18th Century] |
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36) |
French Revolution of
1789-92, with basic
ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity, inspired the people all over the
world. The American war of independence sowed the seeds of nationalism. Autocratic rules of the monarchs were thrown
away and democratic governments were established in many parts
of the world. The countries under foreign domination began to struggle to
overthrow foreign rule and establish itself as a nation. |
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37) |
Piece of writing, books,
manuscripts, travelogues, inscriptions, coins, monuments or any evidence of a
particular period, by studying which the historians reconstruct the history
is called source. |
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38) |
Words or writings in books
or carvings are termed as inscriptions. |
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39) |
The coins of
a particular era tell us about the monetary transaction made during that era. |
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40) |
Manuscripts are collection of original written
documents, texts and scripts, which are informative and useful in many ways. |
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41) |
The study of coins is
called Numismatics. |
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42) |
The merchants also used
seals as stamps. |
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43) |
A piece of flat metal used
as a means of money - ______. Ans: Coin |
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44) |
An emblem having
inscriptions or pictorial writings - _____ Ans: Seal |
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45) |
A biography
is a life history of a person written by another person. |
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46) |
Paintings of Raja
Ravi Verma, the famous Indian painter of the 20th Century,
portrayed Indian tradition in his art. |
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47) |
Jacques Louis David, a French painter, has wonderfully
depicted the Tennis Court Oath during the French Revolution. |
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48) |
_________ discovered the
sea route to India Ans: Vasco-da-Gama |
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49) |
The French King during the
French Revolution was _______ Ans: Louis XVI |
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50) |
Match the Following 1.
James
Mill (A) INDIAN PAINTER 2.
Raja
Ravi Verma (B) FAMOUS NOVELIST 3.
Munshi
Premchand (C) DISCOVERED THE SEA ROUTE TO INDIA 4.
Vasco-da-Gama
(D) SAILED UPTO SOUTHERN CAPE 5.
Bartholomew
Diaz (E) SCOTTISH ECONOMIST Ans: James Mill – Scottish Economist; Raja Ravi Verma – Indian Painter; Munshi Premchand – Famous Novelist; Vasco-da-Gama – Discovered the sea route to India; Bartholomew Diaz – Sailed upto southern cape. |
Objective: For
quick learning & cover important aspects before exam
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