L-1: The Need for Laws and the Constitution - CLASS 8 CBSE - SST - CIVICS

Class 8 CBSE// SST // Civics

Revision through Objective type questions

 

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Lesson 1: The Need for Laws and the Constitution

1)	India attained Independence from British rule on 15th August, 1947.
2)	After attaining Independence, India had to choose the type of government and frame its own set of laws, according to which the country would be governed.
3)	After British Government, the Indian government had to frame its own rules and regulation that is it’s – Constitution.
4)	The Indian Constitution was enforced on 26th January, 1950
5)	The Indian Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly
6)	Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly
7)	Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee [also remember the full name of B.R. Ambedkar]
8)	It took 2 years 11 months and 18 days to draft the constitution.
9)	The Constitution is a fundamental document which defines the position and power of the three organs of the state. Thus, the Constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationships among people living together in a country and also the relationship between the people and the government.
10)	Indian constitution contains 448 Articles and 12 Schedules. [448 articles, 25 parts and 12 schedules. It is World’s Lengthiest Written Constitution]
11)	The Constitution determines the powers and responsibilities of the government as well as rights and duties of the citizens.
12)	Our Constitution makes a provision which is a concept borrowed from the British Government – provision for ‘Rule of Law’. [In simple words, the rule of law exists when a state's constitution functions as the supreme law of the land, when the statutes enacted and enforced by the government invariably conform to the constitution].
13)	Constitution reflects the ideas of a country, as the Indian Constitution reflects that India is a democratic country.
14)	India has Parliamentary form of government, both in centre and in the State.
15)	Our constitution is modelled on the British Pattern. The President, who is the head of the state, is the nominal head of the government, like the King in England, whereas the real head of the government is the Prime Minister, who is the leader of the majority party in the Parliament. [Who is the real executive Head of India? Ans: Prime Minister.]
16)	The Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. In other words, the executive is responsible to legislature, which is a representative of the people. [Executive = governing body or body which has responsibility to govern the state; Legislature = law making body.]
17)	The Indian Constitution is written and federal in structure, though unitary in spirit. Because it has federal features such as division of subjects between the centre and the states, dual system of government, independent judiciary, bicameral legislature etc. It has some unitary features also, like the distribution of powers in favour of the centre, financial independence of the states on the centre and emergency powers of the centre. All these provisions make our Constitution partly unitary and partly federal in structure. [bicameral legislature = legislature divided into two separate assemblies, chambers or houses.]
18)	Our constitution guarantees some basic Fundamental Rights to its citizens, which are indispensable and no government can take away these rights from them. These rights are justiciable and enforced by courts and help us to achieve the goals of democracy.
19)	Fundamental Rights are: 1.     Right to Equality 2.     Right to Freedom 3.     Right to Freedom of Religion 4.     Right against Exploitation 5.     Cultural and Educational Rights 6.     Right to Constitutional Remedies
20)	Guiding and directing principles of the state is known as Directive Principles of State Policy.
21)	A secular state has no religion of its own and it does not promote any religion.
22)	The word ‘secular’ has been incorporated in the Preamble to the Indian Constitution by 42nd Amendment Act of 1976.
23)	According to our Constitution, the power of the government is divided into three organs i.e. Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.
24)	Legislature refers to elected representatives. It passes the laws of the government.
25)	Executive is responsible for implementation of laws and regulations, for smooth running of the government.
26)	Judiciary declares if any law passed by legislature or executive is ultra vires. [Ultra vires = acts beyond one’s legal power]
27)	The right to vote was granted in 1950 to every citizen of India above the age of 21 years.  But 61st Amendment in 1988 lowered the age to 18 years.
28)	The Preamble of the Constitution, gives an insight into the objectives and principles which were desired to be achieved through the making and implementation of the Constitution.  That is why some constitutional commentators have called the Preamble the “Key to the Constitution”; “Mirror of Constitution”; “Soul of the Constitution”; or “Political Horoscope of the Constitution”. [what are the different names to Preamble of Constitution; or Preamble of the constitution is also called as ___________]
29)	The Preamble to the Indian Constitution declares India to be a Sovereign Socialist, Secular Democratic Republic.
30)	Give one word: State which is free to formulate its home policy or foreign policy. It is free to maintain relation with any foreign state and no internal or external limitations are imposed on it. OR Territory that administers its own government and is not subject to or dependent on another power. Answer: Sovereign State [also learn the above explanation in the format of definition or meaning to the given one word answer]
31)	Give one word: State aims at establishing a welfare society in which a wide disparity between the rich and poor does not exist; man is free from exploitation by another man and social economic and political justice is provided to all without any discrimination. Answer: Socialist State
32)	Give one word: It has no State religion. All religions are equally treated and no religion is given preference over the other. Answer: Secular State
33)	Give one word: The state, in which the power of the state lies in the hands of the people. The government is accountable to the people. Answer: Democratic State
34)	Give one word: The State in which the executive head of the state is directly elected by the people. The President of India is elected indirectly by votes of the people. OR The State which is ruled by the representatives of citizens. Answer: Republic
35)	Government makes laws and implements them for the welfare of the people. If in case a situation arises, when the law does not protect certain interests of the people, then people raise their voice against the laws. Name two incidents in which such type of dissent is shown by people. Answer: Salt Satyagraha (1930 i.e. before independence); and Anti-Liquor Agitation in Manipur (After Independence)
36)	On 12th March, 1930, with a group of 78 followers, Gandhi ji started the famous Dandi March to violate salt law imposed by British Government. Thousands of people throughout the country broke the salt law by manufacturing salt and demonstrating in front of the government salt factories.
37)	The agitation against the liquor in Manipur was led by a women’s association named Nupi Lan. They agitated the sale of cheap illegal liquor distilled from rice. Manipur Went dry in 1991. [More Details: A man caught drinking there is likely to be stripped, have his face blackened, be paraded seated on a donkey and then handed over to the police for prosecution. Finally, with the passing of Liquor Prohibition Act in 1991, Manipur officially became a “dry state”.]
38)	The agitation against the liquor in Dubagunta, Nellore District, State Andhra Pradesh, was started by two adult literacy program employees when they were abused by a couple of drunkards. [More Details: Women who were attending the literacy classes, outraged strongly against the incident. Armed with bamboo sticks and chilli-power, attacked the shops and forced them to shut down. Motivated by this incidence, women in Nellore district formed an Anti-liquor movement.]
39)	Our Constitution makes no provision for ‘Rule of Law’. TRUE/FALSE       Ans: False. [More Details: Rule of law is also given impliedly in the preamble and such concept is enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution. In case of violation of such rights, one can approach Supreme Court or High Court under Article 32 and 226 of the Indian Constitution.]
40)	India has a Parliamentary form of government. TRUE/FALSE Ans: True [More Details: India is a quasi-federal democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government largely based on the UK model.]
41)	The Preamble is a part of the Constitution. TRUE/FALSE Ans: True ]More Details: Preamble is an introductory statement in a Constitution which states the objectives and guiding values of the Constitution.]
42)	The President of India is elected directly by votes of the people. TRUE/FALSE Ans: False [More Details: The President is indirectly elected by means of an electoral college consisting of the elected members of the Parliament of India and the Legislative assemblies of the States/Union Territories of India.]
43)	A set of rules and regulations according to which, a country is governed is called Constitution.
44)	Constitution is needed to limit the arbitrary and despotic actions of the government.
45)	Rule of Law means that the law reigns supreme, as opposed to the arbitrary rule of a person or individuals.
46)	Constitution is _____________. (chose the correct answer) a)     The governing council of the state b)     The head of the state c)     Collection of rules and regulations d)     Law-making body Ans: c) set of rules and regulations
47)	Which organ of the government is responsible for making laws and regulations ___________. (chose the correct answer) a)     Judiciary b)     Executive c)     Legislature d)     Law-making body Ans: c) Legislature
48)	On 12th March, 1930, Salt Satyagraha started from Sabarmati Ashram to ________ a)     Delhi b)     Dandi c)     Dehradun d)     Dubagunta Ans: b) Dandi
49)	The _______ of each state is run according to ________ and ______. Ans:
50)	The role of ______ and _________ cannot be forgotten in framing the Constitution. Ans: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Dr. Rajendra Prasad
51)	__________, _________ and ______ are the organs of the government. Ans: Legislative, Executive and Judiciary
52)	A _________ has no religion of its own. Ans: secular country

 

Objective: For quick learning & cover important aspects before exam

Reading the entire chapter for revision before exam is time consuming. To cover more content within shortest time period, you can note down the lessons in the form of ‘objective type question answer’. This helps you to remember things easily.

 

Suggestion for Students:

For the 1^st Time: Read the Lesson + Question Answers in School Note Book + Pearlodea Revision

Weekly Revise: Question Answers in School Note Book + Pearlodea Revision

 

First, read the lesson from your textbook and also study the question answers given in your school notebook. Besides, study the 'revision through objective type questions' in pearlodea education and revise the same every week. Further, please try to remember the concepts given in each point, so that you will be able to write the answers for questions in any form i.e. objective/question-answer… etc.

 

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